Myofunctional devices in the complex treatment of patients with maxillomandular anomalies on the background of oral habits
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33295/1992-576X-2022-5-6-52Keywords:
oral habits, cephalometric analysis, orthodontic treatment, myofunctional devices, myogymnasticsAbstract
The aim of the study. Increasing the effectiveness of complex treatment of patients with a pathological bite through orthodontic treatment, impact on masticatory and facial muscles, conscious elimination of oral habits.
Research methods. 30 people aged 9–12 years with acquired maxillomandibular anomalies against the background of oral habits and 15 people of the comparison group were examined and treated. Group I patients (15 people) had orthodontic treatment and elimination of oral habits, and group II patients (15 people) received treatment supplemented with myofunctional devices and myogymnastics. We studied the results of computer tomograms, performed stereotopometric analysis (threedimensional cephalometry), and determined the thickness of the masticatory muscles in symmetrical areas of the face. Secret questionnaires were administered to patients in order to identify stress factors that affect the body, and the relationship between the presence of a stress factor and the appearance of changes in cephalometric indicators was determined. The study was conducted before treatment, after 6 months and after 12 months after the start of active orthodontic treatment.
Scientific novelty. Clinical studies have shown that all patients have oral habits that lead to changes in the maxillofacial system. The results of the questionnaire showed that 96.6 % of the examined patients associate them with the presence of stressful factors.The results of the examination, cephalometric analysis and photo report confirm the presence of pronounced disproportions from one jaw or symmetrical parts of the face, shortening of the lower third of the face; prove the presence of an acquired rather than congenital deformation of the facial skeleton, which is combined with a change in the thickness of the masticatory muscles on the side of the deformation. The results of the comparative analysis after 6 and 12 months indicate a more pronounced positive trend towards the normalization of clinical indicators and data of cephalometric analysis in patients of the II group.
Conclusions. Oral habits are directly proportional to stress factors, which, according to the results of the examination, are present in 96.6 % of all patients. 3D cephalometric analysis should be included in the mandatory methods of diagnosis of acquired deformities of the maxillofacial area before and at the stages of complex treatment. The results of clinical, x-ray research methods and cephalometric analysis indicate the need to use devices that correct the work of the muscular apparatus and myogymnastics in the complex treatment of patients with maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of oral habits.
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