Роль патології прикусу та порушення динамічної оклюзії у патогенезі дисфункційно-больового синдрому скронево-нижньощелепного суглоба жінок з урахуванням взаємозв’язку їхнього віку та гормонального статусу

Myroslava Drohomyretska; Maksym Kiriuk

doi:10.33295/1992-576X-2026-1-41

Authors

Myroslava Drohomyretska Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5646-8791
Maksym Kiriuk Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1971-0593

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33295/1992-576X-2026-1-41

Keywords:

temporomandibular joint dysfunction with pain, hormonal disorders, occlusal pathologies, age-related changes, static occlusion, dynamic occlusion, menopause, estrogens

Abstract

Introduction. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction with pain (TMJDS) is a multifactorial condition that impairs quality of life, particularly in women. The observed gender asymmetry in its prevalence highlights the crucial role of hormonal changes, which, together with age-related factors, are key to its development. Our study focuses on the relationship between these systemic factors and local pathologies, specifically malocclusion and dynamic occlusal disorders, which provide the morphological basis for the onset and progression of TMJDS.
Aim. To analyze the role of malocclusion and dynamic occlusal disorders in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint painful dysfunction syndrome in women, taking into account their relationship with age and hormonal status.
Materials and Methods. An observational cohort study was conducted involving 207 female patients with TMJDS, divided into a main group (119 women with hormonal disorders) and a comparison group (88 women without such disorders). Occlusal relationships were assessed, including types of malocclusion and dynamic occlusal disorders (canine guidance, balancing contacts, and premature contacts).
Results. The study demonstrated that the number of occlusal pathologies and dynamic interferences increases with age. The most common static anomalies were distal occlusion (up to 42.9% in the main group) and deep bite (up to 35.7%). The frequency of dynamic occlusal disorders also rose significantly; for example, premature contacts increased from 38.1% in young women to 92.9% in postmenopause. In the group with hormonal disorders, the prevalence of occlusal abnormalities was statistically higher, indicating the aggravating effect of hormonal deficiency on age-related deformities.
Conclusions. Age, hormonal status, and occlusal disorders are key interconnected factors influencing the state of the masticatory system. The findings confirm that malocclusion and dynamic occlusal disorders play a significant role in the onset and progression of TMJDS. Estrogen deficiency during perimenopause and menopause serves as an aggravating factor, accelerating occlusal changes.

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