Ортодонтичне переміщення постійних зубів із несформованими коренями у змінному прикусі: біологічна безпечність і клінічні підходи

Myroslava Drohomyretska; Tetiana Sukhomlynova; Natalya Polianyk; Roman Arshуnnikov; Volodymyr Ostrianko; Yuliia Tkachenko; Maksim Doroshenko

doi:10.33295/1992-576X-2026-1-62

Authors

Myroslava Drohomyretska Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5646-8791
Tetiana Sukhomlynova Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5558-6465
Natalya Polianyk Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3045-0865
Roman Arshуnnikov Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0136-3474
Volodymyr Ostrianko Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6525-7526
Yuliia Tkachenko Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9492-9619
Maksim Doroshenko Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-6441

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33295/1992-576X-2026-1-62

Keywords:

orthodontics, immature root, apexogenesis, apical root resorption, children and adolescents, mixed dentition, orthodontic treatment protocols

Abstract

Orthodontic movement of permanent teeth with immature roots in children and adolescents has traditionally been regarded as risky due to the potential disruption of apexogenesis and the development of apical root resorption. Recent studies indicate that, with the application of light, controlled orthodontic forces and dynamic treatment monitoring, such interventions are biologically safe and do not impede normal root development.
Objective: to synthesize current evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of orthodontic movement of teeth with immature roots in mixed dentition and to define clinical protocols that preserve apexogenesis and minimize apical root resorption.
Material and Methods. A combined retrospective and prospective clinical-radiological study was conducted on 80 patients aged 8–12 years with immature or partially formed maxillary incisors and a control group of 66 patients with fully developed roots. Root length and crown height were measured using ImageJ software on periapical radiographs before and after orthodontic treatment, with light orthodontic forces delivered through a fixed 0.022-inch bracket system.
Results. In patients with immature roots, the mean root length change was − 0.4 ± 0.3 mm (90 % of teeth exhibited elongation), while in partially formed roots it was − 0.2 ± 0.3 mm (85 % elongated). Clinically significant apical root resorption (> 1 mm) was observed in 5–7 % of cases. Central incisors exhibited greater elongation than lateral incisors. In the control group, root changes were minimal (0.0 ± 0.2 mm), with 3 % showing resorption.
Conclusion. Light force orthodontic treatment in patients with immature and partially formed maxillary incisors promotes root elongation without clinically significant apical root resorption. Central incisors at early stages of root development show greater elongation than lateral incisors. These findings support the biological safety of early orthodontic intervention, provided that forces are optimized and treatment is closely monitored.

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