Состояние тканей пародонта у подростков, обучающихся в различных учебных заведениях

Authors

  • Людмила Федорівна Каськова
  • Іванна Іванівна Абрамчук
  • Віктор Маркіянович Батіг

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33295/1992-576X-2020-1-26

Keywords:

adolescents, periodontal tissue status, periodontal indices, educational institutions

Abstract

Summary. Disease of periodontal tissues is currently one of the problems of dentistry. According to various authors, their prevalence depends on the patient's age, general health, region of residence, and other general and local factors. It is important to study and compare the condition of periodontal tissues in adolescents who are transitioning from school to college and higher education, with further investigation into the causes of periodontal tissue diseases in them.
The purpose of our study was to study the condition of periodontal tissues in adolescents 15–18 years, studying in different educational institutions.
Materials and methods. We carried out an examination of the condition of periodontal tissues 540 adolescents 15-18 years old, studying at school (107 people), colleges (317 people), university (116 people). To detect changes in periodontal tissues, a clinical examination of patients was performed using the Schiller-Pisarev sample, papillary-marginal-alveolar (PMA) and complex periodontal index (KPI), proposed by P.A. Leus (1987). The Schiller-Pisarev sample was expressed in scores, evaluating the papillae staining at 2 points, the gum margins at 4 points, the alveolar gums at 8 points, and iodine Svrakov was calculated. Valuation values: mild inflammation – up to 2.3 points; moderately pronounced inflammatory process – 2.67–5.0 points; intensive inflammatory process – 5.33–8.0 points. The conducted research makes it possible to detect the presence of chronic inflammatory process in periodontal tissues. The severity of the inflammatory process was evaluated by the percentage PMA. When determining the KPI examined the condition of the gums in the area 11, 16. 17, 26, 27, 31, 36, 37, 46, 47 teeth. Criteria for the evaluation of periodontal morbidity: 0.1–1.0 – risk; 1.1–2.0 easy degree; 2.1–3.5 – average degree; 3.6–5.0 – a difficult degree. Statistical analysis was performed by Student. Results at p 0.05 were considered plausible.
Conclusion. Studies have shown that each of the examined adolescents 15–18 years had certain changes in the gums, characterized by the presence of chronic inflammation, which in its clinical picture corresponded to chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Preferably, the degree of inflammation according to the PMA was
mild (the lowest was 2.2 %). Only among 18-year-olds attending college, 19 people (26.76 %) experienced an average severity of gingivitis (the highest rate was 37.7 %). According to the PMA – a severe course of chronic catarrhal gingivitis we have not been identified. The indicator worsened with age in all surveyed and the most significant changes are observed in adolescents attending college. In 16 years, the figure between college students and college students has varied 4.22 times. The inflammatory process was mainly localized in the area of the first permanent molars and in the frontal region of the mandible. The highest number of dental deposits was observed here. The tendency to deterioration of gums in adolescents with age and especially in those attending college is found to be confirmed by the values of Svrakov (Schiller-Pisarev sample) and KPI indexes. Our studies indicate a deterioration of periodontal tissues in patients with age. But teenagers attending school and university have better scores than college students. The results indicate the need for a more detailed study of the causes of dental deterioration in adolescents, especially college visitors and the development of prevention aimed at increasing the resistance of the oral cavity in this contingent.
Key words: adolescents, periodontal tissue status, periodontal indices, educational institutions.

Author Biographies

Людмила Федорівна Каськова

Каськова Людмила Федорівна – д-р мед. наук, професор,
завідувач кафедри дитячої терапевтичної стоматології із профілактикою стоматологічних захворювань
Української медичної стоматологічної академії.
Адреса домашня: Полтава, 36020, вул. Стрітенська, 18, кв. 73.
Тел.: (050) 522-53-21. E-mail: kaskova@ukr.net.

Іванна Іванівна Абрамчук

Абрамчук Іванна Іванівна – асистент кафедри терапевтичної стоматології
ВДНЗ України «Буковинський державний медичний університет».
Адреса домашня: Тернопільська обл., Борщівський р-н, с. Горошова, 48756, вул. Івана Франка, буд. 15.
Тел.: (096) 755-89-70. E-mail: ivanna.drozda@gmail.com.

Віктор Маркіянович Батіг

Батіг Віктор Маркіянович – канд. мед. наук,
доцент, завідувач кафедри терапевтичної стоматології
ВДНЗ України «Буковинський державний медичний університет».
Адреса домашня: Чернівці, 58022, вул. Аксеніна, 16, кв. 2.
Тел.: (050) 978-24-16. E-mail: batig@email.ua.

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Published

2020-03-24

Issue

Section

PARADONTOLOGY