Особливості кальцій-фосфорного метаболізму ротової рідини у осіб із генералізованим пародонтитом за умов гіпотиреозу

Oksana Repetska; Zoryana Popovych

doi:10.33295/1992-576X-2026-2-POMD-1

Authors

Oksana Repetska Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2880-9971
Zoryana Popovych Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4472-3748

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33295/1992-576X-2026-2-POMD-1

Keywords:

generalized periodontitis, primary hypothyroidism, oral fluid, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, molar ratio, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, young adults

Abstract

Somatic pathology, particularly endocrine disorders, belongs to the main predictors of periodontal tissue diseases. Insufficient iodine intake leads to the development of successive adaptive processes capable of maintaining normal thyroid hormone synthesis. Disruption of hormone synthesis in iodine deficiency is a major factor causing a number of diseases and pathological conditions.
The aim of our study was to investigate the peculiarities of oral fluid calcium-phosphorus metabolism in young adults (aged 25–44 years) with hypothyroidism permanently residing in an iodine-deficient area.

Materials and methods. To investigate oral fluid biochemical changes and the state of periodontal tissues in young adults with hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency, we examined 330 residents of Ivano-Frankivsk aged 25–44 years. Out of the total number of examined individuals, primary hypothyroidism was detected in 195 subjects (who were included in Group I). Group II comprised 135 individuals without concomitant endocrine pathology.

Results. In the structure of periodontal tissue diseases, generalized periodontitis (GP) of initial–I and II stages prevailed. In Group I, the highest percentage was observed for stage II GP (37.35 ± 3.76%), while in Group II, it was initial–I stage GP (28.72 ± 4.69%), p < 0.01. Stage III GP was detected in 2.41 ± 1.19% of Group I patients, whereas no stage III GP was found in Group II. Individuals without endocrine pathology were diagnosed with more initial forms of periodontal diseases: the prevalence of gingivitis was 1.8 times higher than in patients with primary hypothyroidism. In young adults with GP under hypothyroidism, an imbalance in oral fluid calcium-phosphorus metabolism was revealed: a downward trend in oral fluid calcium content was observed with the progression of the inflammatory-dystrophic process in the periodontium, while the phosphorus level, conversely, increased.

Conclusions. Data on mineral metabolism changes, namely impaired calcium absorption and increased phosphorus levels in the oral fluid of patients with generalized periodontitis under primary hypothyroidism, must be considered when developing treatment and prevention regimens for periodontal diseases in this category of patients.

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