Medicinal and preventive features of periodontal diseases in patients with hypothyroidism

Authors

  • Чингиз Рагим оглы Рагимов
  • Тамара Гаджиевна Гусейнова
  • Лятафет Айдын кызы Алиева

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33295/1992-576X-2020-1-34

Keywords:

hypothyroidism, periodontitis, oral microorganisms, hyaluronic acid

Abstract

Relevance. Inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases are characterized by a high level of prevalence and intensity among almost all age-gender groups of the population and are one of the leading problems of modern practical and scientific dentistry.
The goal of the study was to determine the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in the complex treatment of periodontal diseases in patients weighed by endocrine pathology.
Material and methods. The article presents data from clinical and laboratory studies to identify the dependence or interdependence between the presence of thyroid pathology and the change in this dental status. The study involved 150 patients under 40 years of age and older who applied to the endocrinology department for the treatment of hypothyroidism. The main dental periodontal and hygienic indices were studied in the examined patients.
Results. The results of the studies give specific answers to understanding the mechanisms of development of periodontal diseases in endocrine pathology. It has been established that a decrease in the content of thyroid hormones leads to an increase in the frequency of occurrence of both inflammatory and due to demineralization and bone resorption of destructive forms of periodontopathy. As a result, it was found that the use of the proposed treatment regimen significantly and for a long time improves the periodontal condition. Among the examined patients, a total of 90.0±2.45 % of patients require professional hygiene with the removal of dental plaque and the elimination of factors contributing
to the delay and increase in plaque intensity. When studying the community of periodontopathogenic flora, an increase in the content in the oral fluid of patients with endocrine pathology Porphyromonas gingivalis was recorded (25.0 % and in practically healthy individuals 15.0 %, respectively). Whereas, the average level of dissemination of salivary streptococci – S. mutans and S. mitis in the main group decreased in all studied biotopes. Studies have shown a high frequency of plating in the oral cavity in patients with hypothyroidism of opportunistic microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which were represented by E. Coli – 4.99±0.14×105 CFU/ml, against 4.95±0.10Ч×104 CFU/ml in group of subjects without background pathology. Most often, in the main group, enhanced colonization of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida albicans – 4.87±0.07×104–108 CFU/cm was diagnosed in saliva. After completion of treatment during the indicated period, the frequency of the release of the main pathogens responsible for the development of the most severe forms of periodontopathy, A. actinomycetemcimitans and P. intermedia, significantly decreased in the main group in mixed saliva. At the same time, the frequency of isolation of the latter at the initial stage of research and in more remote periods decreased by 3–6.5 times, respectively.
Conclusions. A month after the completion of treatment of chronic generalized forms of periodontitis in patients with hypothyroidism more often than in the main group, a deterioration in the oral cavity was observed, as evidenced by the frequency of allocation of periodontopathogenic bacterial species. All examined patients presenting certain complaints (bleeding gums when brushing teeth and eating, pain, halitosis) before treatment, already at the initial stage noted a sufficiently pronounced clinical effectiveness of the treatment, which was subjectively expressed in soft tissue swelling, in reducing gingival hyperemia papillae. According to laboratory assessment, a marked weakening of the pathological process and inflammatory phenomena in periodontal tissues was observed and the high effectiveness of complex treatment and prophylactic measures was revealed against the background of the use of hyaluronic acid. A significant level of prevalence and intensity of inflammatory periodontal diseases and the severe course of this dental pathology in patients with impaired thyroid function is evidenced by the high need of the examined patients for various types of specialized periodontal care.
Key words: hypothyroidism, periodontitis, oral microorganisms, hyaluronic acid

Author Biographies

Чингиз Рагим оглы Рагимов

Рагимов Чингиз Рагим оглы – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой хирургии полости рта и челюстно-лицевой области
Азербайджанского медицинского университета, Баку, Азербайджан.

Тамара Гаджиевна Гусейнова

Гусейнова Тамара Гаджиевна – профессор кафедры хирургии полости рта и челюстно-лицевой области
Азербайджанского медицинского университета, Баку, Азербайджан.

Лятафет Айдын кызы Алиева

Алиева Лятафет Айдын кызы – диссертант кафедры хирургии полости рта и челюстно-лицевой области
Азербайджанского медицинского университета, Баку, Азербайджан.

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Published

2020-03-24

Issue

Section

PARADONTOLOGY